Spontaneous Reactions: Definition, Gibbs Free Energy, Conditions, Examples, and Applications in Chemistry

Spontaneity does not imply that a reaction occurs rapidly. The rate of a reaction is governed by chemical kinetics, not by its spontaneity. In a spontaneous process, each reactant naturally tends to form its corresponding product, which is associated with a move toward greater stability.

Non-Spontaneous Process:

•         An endergonic reaction (or nonspontaneous reaction) is a chemical process in which the standard change in free energy (ΔG) is positive, meaning energy is absorbed. Since energy input is required, the net energy balance is unfavorable.

•        Endergonic reactions can occur when they are coupled with highly exergonic reactions through a shared intermediate, allowing the overall process to become energetically favorable.

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