نظم

Introduction

Nazm is one of the most powerful and versatile forms of Urdu poetry, distinct from the traditional ghazal. It focuses on a single theme or idea, developed continuously throughout the poem.

Over centuries, Nazm has become a platform for poets to express romance, philosophy, protest, and social transformation in deeply moving ways.

Historical Background

The roots of the Nazm lie in Persian and Arabic poetry. In Urdu, it gained prominence in the 18th century but flourished during the 19th and 20th centuries with pioneers like Hali and Iqbal.

It became a tool for reform, revolution, and intellectual awakening in South Asia, evolving alongside changing societies.

Structure and Form

• Narrative Nazm: Storytelling in verse.
• Descriptive Nazm: Imagery of events and emotions.
• Didactic Nazm: Moral or philosophical lessons.
• Dramatic Nazm: Dialogue or monologue form.
• Azad Nazm: Free verse without rhyme but rhythmic flow.
• Nayi Nazm: Experimental and modernist expressions.

Famous Poets of Nazm

• Altaf Hussain Hali: Father of modern Nazm, author of Musaddas-e-Hali.
• Allama Iqbal: Revolutionary thinker, blending philosophy and politics.
• Josh Malihabadi: The Poet of Revolution, full of fire and passion.
• Faiz Ahmed Faiz: Master of romantic and revolutionary Nazm.
• Meeraji: Pioneer of modernist themes.
• N.M. Rashed: Introduced free verse (Azad Nazm) to Urdu.

Themes in Nazm

• Romance: Expressions of love in narrative style.
• Social Reforms: Education, poverty, women’s rights.
• Patriotism: Freedom struggles and national identity.
• Philosophy: Deep reflections on existence and spirituality.
• Protest: Resistance against injustice and oppression.
• Modern Alienation: Identity, loneliness, and global crises.

Nazm vs. Ghazal

• Structure: Ghazal = couplets; Nazm = continuous flow.
• Theme: Ghazal = multiple moods; Nazm = single theme.
• Form: Ghazal = strict rhyme; Nazm = flexible.
• Impact: Ghazal = lyrical; Nazm = intellectual/narrative.

Influence on Society

Nazm became a mirror of society. It shaped movements, inspired revolutions, and gave voice to collective struggles.

• Hali: Inspired Muslim reform through Musaddas.
• Iqbal: Laid philosophical ground for Pakistan.
• Faiz: Universal voice for justice and love.

Nazm in Modern Media

Today, Nazm thrives in mushairas, music, and digital platforms. Online performances and YouTube recitations connect classical tradition with younger audiences.

Conclusion

Nazm is the heartbeat of Urdu poetry—timeless, versatile, and profound.

From Hali to Iqbal, Faiz to modern free-verse poets, the Nazm continues to reflect love, struggle, and human spirit.